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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=89TT2366>
<title>
Sep. 11, 1989: Death On A Mean Street
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Sep. 11, 1989 The Lonely War:Drugs
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
NATION, Page 28
Death on a Mean Street
</hdr><body>
<p>A murder in a white section of Brooklyn ignites racial discord
</p>
<p> Around his neighborhood in mostly black East New York,
Yusuf Hawkins was known as an easygoing kid, good at games,
dutiful in class, eager to get on with high school. No one would
have thought him a world shaker. Yet last week, when his funeral
was held, it was clear that the 16-year-old Brooklyn boy, gunned
down on the night of Aug. 23, had not merely shaken up New York
City but had become a national reminder that there are streets
in white America where a black man dares not tread.
</p>
<p> It was Hawkins' misfortune to have set foot on such a
street in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn that fateful
night. He and some friends had entered the largely Italian,
working-class neighborhood to inspect a used car advertised for
sale there. They were suddenly surrounded by ten or so white
youths. Inflamed by the fact that a former girlfriend of their
ringleader was associating with blacks and Hispanics, the whites
were looking for trouble. They carried baseball bats and at
least one gun. It was fired four times. Hawkins died shortly
afterward.
</p>
<p> When scores of blacks marched into Bensonhurst to protest
the slaying, numerous residents screamed at the protesters,
"Niggers, go home!" and mockingly held aloft watermelons. Mayor
Edward Koch, running for his fourth term in office, added to his
reputation for insensitivity to black concerns by complaining
(even before criticizing the racist hecklers) that protest
marches would increase tensions. For Manhattan Borough President
David Dinkins, a black running for Koch's job, the death became
an occasion to blame the mayor for creating the hostile
atmosphere in which it occurred. Swiftly, Hawkins' death
transformed the election campaign and provoked the most
sulfurous racial exchanges since 1986, when a young black named
Michael Griffith was killed in the Howard Beach section of
Queens after a mob of white youths chased him into the path of
a moving car.
</p>
<p> It is no coincidence that both racial episodes took place
in down-at-the-heels, ethnic white neighborhoods like Howard
Beach and Bensonhurst. According to a study done at Temple
University's Institute for Public Policy Studies, racial
violence occurs most frequently in poor or lower-middle-class
white urban neighborhoods, especially those in which housing
values are in decline and manufacturing jobs have been lost.
</p>
<p> Other cities, particularly in the Northeast and the Rust
Belt, have similar districts that are tinderboxes for violence:
Chicago's Marquette Park, Baltimore's Hampden section and
Philadelphia's Fishtown and Feltonville, where a young Hispanic
was killed by a white mob in July. Such confrontations "pit the
powerless against each other," observes J. Anthony Lukas, a
Pulitzer prizewinning author who often writes about racial
conflict. "These swaggering kings of the walk in Bensonhurst are
as ill equipped to make their way in the late 1980s as the
blacks from Bed-Stuy, and they know it at some level of their
being."
</p>
<p> Last week a grand jury indicted Keith Mondello, 18, and
Pasquale Raucci, 19, for second-degree murder and lesser
offenses related to Hawkins' death. The youth suspected of
pulling the trigger, Joseph Fama, 18, surrendered the day after
the funeral to police in Oneonta, N.Y.
</p>
<p> Hawkins' funeral drew New York Governor Mario Cuomo, Mayor
Koch and three candidates running against him. While some
mourners objected to their presence, the Rev. Curtis Wells, who
led the service, addressed them directly, "Mr. Mayor, Mr.
Governor, let freedom ring in Howard Beach. Let freedom ring,
yes, from Bensonhurst." To some, the ceremony had an all too
familiar ring. Said Jean Griffith, mother of Michael Griffith:
"It seems like I'm burying my son again."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>